Membina sistem Buletinboard menggunakan CodeIgniter 4 (CI4)

Baik! Untuk memenuhi permintaan anda, saya akan menyediakan langkah-langkah yang lebih terperinci untuk membina sistem Buletinboard menggunakan CodeIgniter 4 (CI4) dengan pengurusan pengguna, di mana pengguna boleh menambah dan mengemaskini berita, serta dapat set berita sebagai featured.

Ciri-ciri Sistem:

1. Pengurusan Pengguna: Pengguna boleh mendaftar, log masuk, dan logout.
2. Paparan Buletin: Pengguna boleh melihat buletin yang disiarkan.
3. Tambah Berita: Pengguna yang log masuk boleh menambah berita baru.
4. Kemaskini Berita: Pengguna boleh mengemaskini berita yang mereka buat.
5. Featured Buletin: Admin atau pengguna dengan kuasa boleh menetapkan berita sebagai featured.

1. Persediaan Projek CI4

Pastikan anda telah memasang CodeIgniter 4 di komputer anda. Jika belum, ikuti langkah-langkah yang telah saya terangkan sebelum ini. Kalau tidak ada Composer, anda boleh muat turun CodeIgniter secara manual.

Langkah pertama: Buat Projek CI4

Sekiranya anda telah ada Composer:

bash
composer create-project codeigniter4/appstarter buletinboard
cd buletinboard

2. Struktur Pangkalan Data

Di bawah adalah struktur pangkalan data untuk aplikasi buletinboard:

sql
CREATE DATABASE buletinboard_db;

USE buletinboard_db;

-- Jadual Pengguna (Users)
CREATE TABLE users (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    username VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    email VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    password VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    role ENUM('admin', 'user') DEFAULT 'user',
    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);

-- Jadual Buletin (Bulletins)
CREATE TABLE bulletins (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    title VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    content TEXT NOT NULL,
    is_featured TINYINT(1) DEFAULT 0, -- 0 for not featured, 1 for featured
    user_id INT NOT NULL,
    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
);

3. Model

Model Pengguna (UserModel)

Buat model untuk pengguna di app/Models/UserModel.php.

php
<?php

namespace App\Models;

use CodeIgniter\Model;

class UserModel extends Model
{
    protected $table = 'users';
    protected $primaryKey = 'id';
    protected $allowedFields = ['username', 'email', 'password', 'role'];
    protected $useTimestamps = true;
    protected $validationRules = [
        'username' => 'required|min_length[3]|max_length[100]',
        'email'    => 'required|valid_email|is_unique[users.email]',
        'password' => 'required|min_length[8]',
    ];
}

Model Buletin (BulletinModel)

Buat model untuk buletin di app/Models/BulletinModel.php.

php
<?php

namespace App\Models;

use CodeIgniter\Model;

class BulletinModel extends Model
{
    protected $table = 'bulletins';
    protected $primaryKey = 'id';
    protected $allowedFields = ['title', 'content', 'is_featured', 'user_id'];
    protected $useTimestamps = true;
    protected $validationRules = [
        'title'   => 'required|min_length[5]|max_length[255]',
        'content' => 'required|min_length[10]',
    ];

    public function getFeaturedBulletins()
    {
        return $this->where('is_featured', 1)->findAll();
    }
}

4. Controller

AuthController (untuk login, logout, register)

Buat controller untuk pengurusan autentikasi pengguna di app/Controllers/AuthController.php.

php
<?php

namespace App\Controllers;

use App\Models\UserModel;
use CodeIgniter\Controller;

class AuthController extends Controller
{
    public function login()
    {
        return view('auth/login');
    }

    public function loginAction()
    {
        $username = $this->request->getPost('username');
        $password = $this->request->getPost('password');

        $userModel = new UserModel();
        $user = $userModel->where('username', $username)->first();

        if ($user && password_verify($password, $user['password'])) {
            session()->set('user_id', $user['id']);
            session()->set('username', $user['username']);
            session()->set('role', $user['role']);
            return redirect()->to('/bulletins');
        } else {
            return redirect()->back()->with('error', 'Invalid login credentials');
        }
    }

    public function register()
    {
        return view('auth/register');
    }

    public function registerAction()
    {
        $userModel = new UserModel();

        $data = [
            'username' => $this->request->getPost('username'),
            'email'    => $this->request->getPost('email'),
            'password' => password_hash($this->request->getPost('password'), PASSWORD_DEFAULT),
        ];

        if ($userModel->insert($data)) {
            return redirect()->to('/login');
        } else {
            return redirect()->back()->with('error', 'Failed to register');
        }
    }

    public function logout()
    {
        session()->destroy();
        return redirect()->to('/login');
    }
}

BulletinController (untuk paparan, tambah, kemaskini berita)

Buat controller untuk menguruskan buletin di app/Controllers/BulletinController.php.

php
<?php

namespace App\Controllers;

use App\Models\BulletinModel;
use App\Models\UserModel;
use CodeIgniter\Controller;

class BulletinController extends Controller
{
    public function index()
    {
        $bulletinModel = new BulletinModel();
        $bulletins = $bulletinModel->findAll();
        return view('bulletin/index', ['bulletins' => $bulletins]);
    }

    public function create()
    {
        return view('bulletin/create');
    }

    public function store()
    {
        $bulletinModel = new BulletinModel();
        $userId = session()->get('user_id');

        $data = [
            'title'   => $this->request->getPost('title'),
            'content' => $this->request->getPost('content'),
            'user_id' => $userId,
            'is_featured' => $this->request->getPost('is_featured') ?? 0,
        ];

        if ($bulletinModel->insert($data)) {
            return redirect()->to('/bulletins');
        } else {
            return redirect()->back()->with('error', 'Failed to create bulletin');
        }
    }

    public function edit($id)
    {
        $bulletinModel = new BulletinModel();
        $bulletin = $bulletinModel->find($id);
        if ($bulletin && $bulletin['user_id'] == session()->get('user_id')) {
            return view('bulletin/edit', ['bulletin' => $bulletin]);
        } else {
            return redirect()->to('/bulletins');
        }
    }

    public function update($id)
    {
        $bulletinModel = new BulletinModel();
        $data = [
            'title'   => $this->request->getPost('title'),
            'content' => $this->request->getPost('content'),
            'is_featured' => $this->request->getPost('is_featured') ?? 0,
        ];

        if ($bulletinModel->update($id, $data)) {
            return redirect()->to('/bulletins');
        } else {
            return redirect()->back()->with('error', 'Failed to update bulletin');
        }
    }

    public function delete($id)
    {
        $bulletinModel = new BulletinModel();
        $bulletinModel->delete($id);
        return redirect()->to('/bulletins');
    }
}

5. View Files

• login.php (app/Views/auth/login.php)
  Borang login untuk pengguna.

php
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Login</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/auth/loginAction" method="post">
        <label for="username">Username:</label>
        <input type="text" name="username" id="username" required>
        <label for="password">Password:</label>
        <input type="password" name="password" id="password" required>
        <button type="submit">Login</button>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

• create.php (app/Views/bulletin/create.php)
  Borang untuk menambah berita baru.

php
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Create Bulletin</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/bulletins/store" method="post">
        <label for="title">Title:</label>
        <input type="text" name="title" id="title" required>
        
        <label for="content">Content:</label>
        <textarea name="content" id="content" required></textarea>
        
        <label for="is_featured">Set as Featured:</label>
        <input type="checkbox" name="is_featured" id="is_featured">
        
        <button type="submit">Create</button>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

• edit.php (app/Views/bulletin/edit.php)
  Borang untuk mengemaskini berita.

php
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Edit Bulletin</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/bulletins/update/<?= esc($bulletin['id']) ?>" method="post">
        <label for="title">Title:</label>
        <input type="text" name="title" id="title" value="<?= esc($bulletin['title']) ?>" required>
        
        <label for="content">Content:</label>
        <textarea name="content" id="content" required><?= esc($bulletin['content']) ?></textarea>
        
        <label for="is_featured">Set as Featured:</label>
        <input type="checkbox" name="is_featured" id="is_featured" <?= $bulletin['is_featured'] == 1 ? 'checked' : '' ?>>
        
        <button type="submit">Update</button>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

6. Routes

Kemaskini routes.php untuk laluan aplikasi:

php
$routes->get('/', 'BulletinController::index');
$routes->get('login', 'AuthController::login');
$routes->post('login', 'AuthController::loginAction');
$routes->get('register', 'AuthController::register');
$routes->post('register', 'AuthController::registerAction');
$routes->get('logout', 'AuthController::logout');
$routes->get('bulletins', 'BulletinController::index');
$routes->get('bulletins/create', 'BulletinController::create');
$routes->post('bulletins/store', 'BulletinController::store');
$routes->get('bulletins/edit/(:num)', 'BulletinController::edit/$1');
$routes->post('bulletins/update/(:num)', 'BulletinController::update/$1');
$routes->get('bulletins/delete/(:num)', 'BulletinController::delete/$1');

7. Kesimpulan

Sistem yang anda inginkan kini lengkap dengan:

• Pengurusan pengguna (login, register, logout).
• Paparan dan pengurusan buletin (menambah, mengemaskini, dan menghapuskan berita).
• Ciri Featured untuk menandakan berita yang penting.

Anda boleh mengembangkan lagi sistem ini mengikut keperluan anda.